I suck at end games

It's easy to say "analyse your game after and see where you went wrong" which I do but each end game is different to the previous one I just analysed.

Sure one end game is "the same" as some other end game in so far as they're both end games but each position is wildly different and I never know which pieces to move, which pieces to defend and where my breakthrough is.

For example, just a random setup i.gyazo.com/dd51c01bbd41a9af63259fc05057fa56.png

How the hell am I meant to know who's winning and which move black should make? It's not like a regular winning sequence like "pawn takes, knight takes, rook takes, knight f4 check and win the rook" or whatever... There are so many pawn moves and king moves to look at and it's so difficult to follow the move order.

I lose at least 2/3 of end games just because I'll move my king when I should have moved a pawn or I'll take a pawn with a pawn instead of with my king or something and the "blunder" isn't clear until 5 moves or so later when I realise my king is too far to stop my opponents pawn or my past pawn can be stopped etc.

I simply don't know how to learn from my mistakes when every end game is almost completely unique in piece position and material count.

Well if my pawns are closer to the last rank then I usually try to focus my effort (and material) into promoting a pawn.
If you're up material, definitely try to exchange as many pieces as possible.
Otherwise, you're probably going to have those things done to you and you'll have to find a way to avoid them ;)

Chess is really an hard game to master, so huge lot of think to understand, deeply, to feel, having plans strategy, recognizing some parterns.

Here it deal with some ideas about pawn endgame : material difference, pawn structure, key case, position of each king on the board and of course calculating. But each of this list must have to be understanded deeply if you want to progress i guess ..

Could some strong player give the way they think when pmaying this position ? Fundalmentals concepts ?

I would try to get my king in a position to attack the weak side... the doubled pawns and the pawn on h7. My guess is that white can win with correct play but if white makes a mistake black may have drawing chances. I think you can learn some things about end game thru you-tube videos, like opposition; triangulation; etc. The Lomonosov tablebase is good for endgame exercises. GL.

I'm not that strong so you can take my input with a grain of salt but here are my thoughts anyway.

This position is on the verge of losing for black because white has an extra pawn and although he has doubled pawns, his king can easily come to the center via Kf1-e2-e3. White also has a strong kingside pawn structure which supports a strong e pawn. This pawn has hopes of being pushed soon (after being supported by the f pawn) and thus creating a powerful passed pawn.

Another factor to examine is the positioning of the black king. It seems to be in an awkward position surrounded by a weak pawn island where it is front of a backward pawn. The king would have wanted to much more be on the queenside where white's pawn structure is weak and where 2 white pawn islands and a double isolated pawn is located.

So some key concepts to remember when evaluating pawn endgames are (in no particular order):

1) The pawn structure-Number of pawn islands for the side, isolated pawns, backward pawns, weak squares created by the pawns which can be infiltrated by the king, passed pawns.
2) Position of the king-Is it actively placed (either by your opponent's weak pawns or in the center), does it hinder pawn advances
3) Material-who has more material?

So basically try to keep a strong pawn structure, look to create weaknesses in your opponents position with your actively placed king, create passed pawns and calculate some main variations before moving.

Hope this helps.

@unrated_player @MountainLlama

So let's evaluate the above position as an example.

Pawn Structure/Pawn Islands: White has 3 pawn islands to Black's two pawn islands and White has doubled isolated pawns on the c file. White is up a pawn on the kingside (4 vs 3 majority) and can possibly create a passed pawn on this side. Black's pawns also make it very easy to infiltrate as the light squares are weak. For example, a king getting to b5 could be annoying for Black, along with a king getting to g6.

King Activity: Black king is seemingly more advanced, but will struggle to find a good square. White's king will move to e3 and then try to create a passed pawn.

Overall Evaluation: White is winning this endgame because he is up a pawn and even though White's pawn structure isn't great, Black cannot exploit it really well (it isn't possible to create a passed pawn on the queenside, king can't go take those pawns). White should bring his king to e3 as I mentioned earlier, solidify the queenside eventually (something like c4), create a passed pawn (possibly as a decoy) and try to win other pawns.

While calculation in endgames are extremely important, you should be looking for important imbalances. I would suggest a good endgame book as well. I hope this helps :)

Edit: I didn't notice the previous comment, but there are some similarities in the thought process :)

Here's a study with some variations: lichess.org/study/R1VXhk3X

Black tries to attack the weak pawns on c3 and c2 but White will stop the King from approaching and win with his King side extra pawn, either promoting it or attacking Black's Queen side while Black King is guarding the King side pawn.

Eg. f5 (to open the route for King) exf5+ Kxf5 c4 Ke5 c3 (King stopped) Kf4 (another try) Ke2 (stopped again). Then White will proceed with King and pawns eg. ...h5 g3+ Ke5 Ke3 (notice opposition) Kf5 h3 g6 f4 Kf6 (to get to opposition next move) Ke4 Ke6 (opposition) g4 hxg4 hxg4 etc.

in practice (not analysis) white always wins in this position. advantage in the Center and space provides activity of the White King. broken white structure is irrelevant, because the black King is limited and there is no way peshechnogo breakthrough. winning is only a matter of time and patience