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Teach me to play better

Some words I read one day really caught me.
"Play the opening like a book, the middle game like a magician, and the endgame like a machine."
1. I understand basic principles of opening, but I have to learn to play them like a book(Bobby Fischer does not like that), but which ones should I learn first, and what should I learn about them, exact lines, ideas or what? And what openings should I learn first?
2. How to play midgame like a magician?
3. How should I even learn to play endgames?
I usually play 10|10 time.
1. They give 8 good moves in random opening positions, it's just about basic opening principles.
2. Study what games? +it's about tactics, not positional madness.
The advice is good but if you are a relatively low ranked player, you shouldn't take it too seriously. Try this variant:
Openings: fairly simple stuff with central pawns, knights and bishops to the centre and castle.
Middle game: develop slowly, maybe try something tactical, maybe push out a couple of pawns.
End game: try to exercise that extra pawn, move your king to achieve the opposition (if you don't understand the opposition, read about it), try to get rooks on the 7th rank.
@nobody47 #1
There's lots of things you can do. For example :
* Learn/study from chess books and chess videos [1]
* Get a chess coach (With 1600+ classical and 1400+ blitz that can be a chess friend who will play training games with you and analyze afterwards.
* Do tactics puzzles daily.
* Join a local chess club, play games there, make new chess friends, and share analysis, ideas, knowledge.
* Join a chess study group here on Lichess and/or other chess websites.
* Post losses that really puzzled you in forums and ask for analysis support.

Be consistent and persistent, as well as patient and supportive towards yourself.

For example, doing 50 "cheapo" tactics puzzles during one evening, and then two weeks nothing is not very efficient.
At least 5 "normal" tactics puzzles each day, for at least some 3 to 4 months sounds much better.

[1]
For improving with endgames, you can study e.g. the books "Winning chess endings" by GM Seirawan and "100 endgames you must know" by GM Jesus de la Villa.

There is also the online project of creating the algebraic version of the Chess fundamentals book by Capablanca (This book has no copyright, so it is free to download and copy), which has endgames. Former world champion GM Botvinnik called the book by Capablanca the best chess book in history.

http://www.openchessbooks.org/capablanca-cf/chapter1/some_simple_mates.html#

If you don't mind the "english notation", then there is this download weblink of the same book :
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33870
@OP :

"play the opening like a book" - well, there are opening books and databases with the correct opening moves. You just have to learn them.

"play the middlegame like a magician" - go over the magic players games and try to emulate them (Morphy, Capablanca, Alekhine, Tal...)

"play the endgame like a machine" - train by playing endgame positions against the engine -
When I was a child, our chess coach forbade us to fast play. The tournament starts (ELO 1500), we set the control time of 2 hours for 40 moves. At 10 minutes per game you can not see the board and analyze.
#4 my problem is not knowing what to do if nothing is happening, what pawns do I push etc?

#5 where do I find those 2 books?
#6 that's my question. There are thousands of moves and I only need like 100.
emulating without knowing the full reasons is devasting.
#7 I want to play 10|10 because tournaments at my place happen with that time control, so games are usually 20-30 minutes long. I know I have to analyse, but I don't know what to analyse, I don't really know what good and what's bad positionally.

you could try looking at the game and see how you could put pressure on your opponents pieces or put him in an inferior position,studying annotated games will help with positional play
#9 where to find good annotated games with positional play?

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